_wKfqcp: _wKfqcphnð aebmfn bphXnsb `À¯mhv Igp¯psRcn¨psImóp. ImbwIpfw kztZin {]oXn(24)bmWv RmbdmgvN cm{Xn aUnhmf _tó]mfbs¯ hmSIho«nð sImesN¿s¸«Xv. ChcpsS `À¯mhv HUnj kztZinbmb _nizPn¯v _KZv Zmkns\\ s]meokv AdÌv sNbvXp. cïphÀjw ap³]mWv Ccphcpw {]Wbn¨v hnhmlnXcmbXv. _wKfqcphnse I¨hSØm]\\¯nð skbnðkv tKfmbncpóp {]oXn. ]c]pcpj_Ôw Btcm]n¨v {]oXnbpambn _nizPn¯v hg¡nSmdpïmbncpóXmbn s]meokv ]dªp. RmbdmgvN cm{Xnbpïmb hg¡n\\nsS tXmÀ¯psImïv {]oXnsb Igp¯papdp¡n sImñpIbmbncpóp. arXtZlw hnIvtSmdnb Bip]{Xn tamÀ¨dnbnð.
A{_mlw amXyp A{¼bnensâ `mcybpw, kÀKw Ìoht\\Pv aebmfn AtÊmÊntbjsâ {]Ya sk{I«dn SnPp A{¼bnensâ amXmhpamb eoem½ amXyp (71) ssakqcnð \\ncymXbmbn. kwkvImcw \\msf. D¨ Ignªp aqóp aWn¡v, kzhkXnbnð ]tcX¡mbpÅ {]tXyI {]mÀ°\\IÄ Bcw`n¡pw. XpSÀóv ssakqcnð, skâv {KntKmdntbmkv kndnb³ HmÀ¯tUmIvkv ]Ånbnð \\S¯s¸Spó At´ym]Nmc ip{ip£IÄ¡v tijw skâv {KntKmdntbmkv HmÀ¯tUmIvkv ]Ån skant¯cnbnð kwkvImcw \\S¯s¸Spw. SnPp A{¼bnð( Ìoht\\Pv, bpsI), _nPp amXyp (Ipsshäv), aRvPp, adnbw amXyp (Ipsshäv) FónhÀ a¡fmWv.
shªmdaqSv: Iq«pImtcmsSm¸w Ipf¯nð Ipfn¡m³ Cd§nb hnZymÀYn ap§nacn¨p. sh¼mbw HgpIp]md tXhet¡mSv _nkvan tImt«Pnð A_vZpÄhmlnZnsâbpw (kn]nsF Fw Nnd¯ebv¡ð {_môv AwKw) dPo\\m_oK¯nsâbpw aI³ APvaðhmlnZv (17) BWv acn¨Xv. h«¸md FðFwFkv kvIqfnse ¹kv h¬ hnZymÀYnbmWv. shÅnbmgvN ]Ið 11.45\\v ]nc¸³tImSv sIm¸w ssIXbnðt¡mWw NndbnemWv kw`hw. kvIqÄ Ah[n BbXn\\mð Iq«pImtcmsSm¸w Nndbnðt]mbXmbncpóp. \\o´ð hianñmXncpó APvað ap§n¯mgpIbmbncpóp. kw`hadnªv HmSn¡qSn \\m«pImÀtNÀóv APvaðhmlnZns\\ ]pds¯Sps¯¦nepw Poh³ c£n¡m\\mbnñ. shªmdaqSv s]meokv tað \\S]Sn kzoIcn¨p. ktlmZc§Ä: A³kÀ, A³hÀ.
A¼e¸pg: Ipf¯nð hoWv NnInÕbnembncpó HóchbÊpImcn acn¨p. A¼e¸pg ]pXpa\\ Cñs¯ {]im´v \\¼qXncnbpsS GI aIÄ [z\\nbmWv acn¨Xv. _p[\\mgvN sshIn«v \\mtemsSbmWv Ip«nsb ImWmXmbXv. ]nóoSv hoSn\\cnInse Ipf¯nð \\S¯nb sXc¨nenemWv Isï¯nbXv. DSs\\ Be¸pg saUn¡ð tImtfPv Bip]{Xnbnse iniptcmKhn`mKw sFknbphnð {]thin¸n¨ Ip«nsb ]nóoSv shânteädnte¡v amän. Cóse ]Ið aqtómsS ho«nemWv acn¨Xv.
tIm«bw: {]ikvX \\mSI\\Snbpw a¬adª \\mSImNmcy³ F³ F³ ]nÅbpsS amXrktlmZco ]p{Xnbpamb Pn Hma\\ A´cn¨p. 81 hbÊmbncpóp. F³ F³ ]nÅbpsS aI\\pw {]ikvX Ne¨n{XXmchpamb hnPbcmLhsâ tIm«bw HfibnepÅ ho«nembncpóp A´yw. Xet¨mdnð cà{kmhw DïmbXns\\¯pSÀóv tIm«b¯n\\v kao]w Abv a\\s¯ kzImcy Bip]{Xnbnð GXm\\pw \\mÄ NnInÕbnembncpóp. XpSÀóv ho«nte¡v amänbncpóp. ChnsS h¨v sNmÆmgvN cmhnsebmbncpóp A´yw. kwkvImcw sshIn«v \\men\\v ho«phf¸nð. F³ F³ ]nÅbpsS kz´w {Sq¸mbncpó Hfi hniztIcf IemkanXnbnse AwKambn Ht«sd \\mSI§fnð anIhpä IYm]m{X§Ä¡v Hma\\ Poh³ ]IÀóp. ap¸¯ôphÀjs¯ A`n\\bPohnX¯nð \\mð]Xntesd \\mSI§fneqsS Ac§nse¯n. ]Xn\\mbnc¯ntesd thZnIfnemWv Pohkpä IYm]m{X§fpambn t{]£IÀ¡v apónse¯nbXv. F³ F³ ]nÅbpsS aI\\pw \\S\\pamb hnPbcmLhs\\m¸w Hfibnse "Ub\\ojy"embncpóp Xmakw. 1931 sabv 18\\v ssh¡w X¯¯nð thembp[³ ]nÅbpsSbpw Kucnb½bpsSbpw GIaIfmbmWv P\\w. hniztIcfb
\\ne¼qÀ: Zaman\\pkao]w Dïmb hml\\m]IS¯nð aebmfn acn¨p. \\ne¼qÀ AI¼mSw Ff¼nemt¡mSv ImcIpfh³ bqk^v(40) BWv acn¨Xv. shÅnbmgvN C´y³kabw 7aWntbmsS Zaman\\p 250 IntemaoäÀ AIse ZamwdnbmZv sslthbnð PpZbnðsh¨mWv A]ISw. bqk^v HmSn¨ncpó t_¡dnhm\\nsâ SbÀs]m«ns¯dn¨v \\nb{´Ww hn«v adnbpIbmbncpóp. Pn±bnð \\nópw Zamante¡v t_¡dn km[\\§Ä hnXcW¯n\\mbn sImïpt]mIpóXn\\nsSbmWv A]ISw. tdmUnte¡v sXdn¨p hogpIbmbncpóp. Ff¼nemt¡mSv ]tcXcmb ImcIpfh³ Ipªb½phnsâbpw a½m¯phnsâbpw aI\\mWv. HcphÀjw ap¼mWv \\m«nðhóv Pn±bnte¡v aS§nbXv. `mcy: Pko_ Ipgn¡ï³. a¡Ä:apjvXmJv (CSnh® skâv tXmakv kvIqÄ GgmwXcw hnZymÀYn), AðXm^v (tImWpapï PnFð]n kvIqÄ aqómwXcw hnZymÀYn), Ajv^mJv (aqóv hbÊv). ktlmZc§Ä: apl½Zv, _ocm³Ip«n, Ban\\, Bbni, ^m¯n½, IZoP. arXt±lw D^q^v InwKv ^lZv Bip]{Xnbnð. arXt±lw \\m«nse¯n¡psaóv _Ôp¡Ä Adnbn¨p.
Ig¡q«w: Sn¸À temdnbpw ss_¡pw Iq«nbnSp¨pïmb A]IS¯nð ss_¡v bm{X¡mc\\mb F³Pn\\nbdnwKv hnZymÀ°n acn¨p. _kpIm¯p\\nó ho«½bv¡v ss_¡v X«n ]cnt¡äp.N´hnf B¼ñqÀ Ipgnhnf ho«nð Ajd^nsâbpw k_o\\bpsSbpw aI³ Bkn^v (21) BWv acn¨Xv. sh«ptdmUv t]m¯³tImSv ss_]mknð Ingt¡ N´hnfbnð Cóse cmhnse GgctbmsSbmbncpóp A]ISw. B\\mSv taml³Zmkv F³Pn.tImtfPnse \\memw hÀj CeIvt{SmWnIvkv hnZymÀ°nbmb Bkn^v cmhnse tImtfPnte¡v t]mhpIbmbncpóp . CSnbpsS BLmX¯nð Xet¨mÀ NnXdnt¸mb Bkn^v kw`h Øe¯v h¨v acn¨p. saUn¡ðtImtfPv Bip]{Xnbnð t]mÌptamÀ«w \\S¯nb arXtZlw sshIn«v h³ P\\mhenbpsS kmón[y¯nð N´hnf B¼ñqÀ apÉow PamA¯nð I_dS¡n. N´hnf skâv tXmakv F³Pn. tImtfPv hnZymÀ°n\\n A³kn ktlmZcn. Sn¸À CSn¨p sXdn¨ ss_¡v X«n N´hnf kztZin\\n enñn(50)¡mWv tZl¯pw Imen\\pw ]cnt¡äXv. hÀ saUn¡ð tImtfPv Bip]{Xnbnð NnInÕbnemWv.
tIm«¡enð kvIqÄsI«nS§Ä¡nSbnð kvIqÄ_Êv Ibdn acn¨ hnZymÀ°n\\nbpsS J_dS¡w Cóv cmhnse \\S¡pw. Kñn§ð]d¼v Fw.Fkv.Fw.F¨v.Fkv kvIqfnse F«mw¢mkv hnZymÀYn\\n IpdpI¯mWnbnse Iñ³ apl½Zv _jodnsâ aIÄ X{^o^ (13) BWv Cóse cmhnse acn¨Xv. tcmjmIpecmb hnZymÀYnIÄ kvIqfnsâ 13 _ÊpIfpw amt\\PcpsS Hm^okpw XIÀ¯ncpóp. hymgmgvN cmhnsebmWv kw`hw. t\\cs¯ kvIqfnse¯nb hnZymÀYn\\n {]thi\\ IhmS¯n\\Sp¯v tIm¼uïnte¡v Cd§nbXmbncpóp. Cukabw Ip«nIsfbpw sImïphó _kv X{^o^sb CSn¡pIbpw kvIqÄ sI«nSt¯mSvtNÀ¯v icoc¯neqsS IbdpIbpambncpóp. Bsf Xncn¨dnbm\\mhm¯hn[w icocw NXªcªncpóp. N¦psh«nbnse kzImcy Bip]{Xnbnð F¯n¨t¸mtg¡pw acn¨p. dm_nbbmWv X{^o^bpsS amXmhv. ktlmZc§Ä: Ppam\\, kË, Aao³. kw`hs¯¯pSÀóv kvIqfnð Gsdt\\cw kwLÀjmhØbpïmbn. _kv s{Us#hÀ Ip«nIf¯mWn Infnbw]d¼nð aqk (52)sb AdÌv sNbvXp. kvIqÄ {]thi\\IhmSw hoXnIq«Wsaópw hml\\§fpsS ssIImcyw IpäaäXm¡Wsaópw ]n.
kµÀemâv: kµÀemânsâ kmaqlytkh\\ taJeIfnð kPoh kmón²yamb hnt\\mZv Ipamdnsâ `mcym]nXmhv B{ia]d¼nð \\mcmbWIpdp¸v (68) hmÀ²yIyklPamb AkpJ¯mð kz`h\\¯nð A´cn¨p. tIm«bw, IdpI¨mð, sN¼¡cbmWv kztZiw. kwkvImcw Cóp cmhnse ]Xns\\móv aWn¡v ho«phf¸nð \\S¡póXmbncn¡pw. kµÀemâv tdmbð tlmkv]näenð Ìm^v t\\gvkv Bbn tPmen sN¿pó Nn{X hnt\\mZv, \\m«nð Ønc Xmakamb {]nb a[p FónhÀ a¡fmWv.
]mtemSv: acw apdn¡póXn\\nsS kao]¯p \\nó sX§v hoWv Krl\\mY³ acn¨p. \\µntbmSv IÅn¸md NS¨n¡cn¡Iw kPn³`h\\nð dkme³ (aWnb³, 45) BWv acn¨Xv. Xn¦fmgvN ]Ið Hón\\v s]cn§½e sIm¨pIcn¡I¯mWv kw`hw. sIm¨pIcn¡Iw kztZinbmb kpss_Zm_ohnbpsS hkvXphnð\\nóv hnebv¡phm§nb Bªnðacw apdn¨pamäsh acw kao]¯v DW§n\\nó sX§nð X«pIbpw sX§v HSnªv dkmesâ apIfnð hogpIbpambncpóp. DS³ \\m«pImÀ Bip]{Xnbnð sImïpt]msb¦nepw acn¨p. arXtZlw s\\Spa§mSv Xmeq¡v Bip]{Xn tamÀ¨dnbnð. kwkvImcw sNmÆmgvN ]Ið Hón\\v. `mcy: {ioP. a¡Ä: _nPnðemð, kPnðemð.
