Ih³{Sn: bpsIbnð F¯nb Hmtcm aebmfnbpw ku`mKys¯ IqsS Iq«p]nSn¨mWv \m«nð \nópw hnam\w IbdnbsXóv ]dªmð Að¸w t]mepw AXnitbmàn DïmInñ. PohnXw ]¨ ]nSn¨sX§s\ FódnbWsa¦nð Ignª ]t¯m ]Xn\tôm hÀjt¯¡v Hóp ]n´ncnªp t\m¡nbmð am{Xw aXnbmIpw. Cu Ipdª Ime¯n\nSbnð hoSpw Imdpw Hs¡ kz´am¡nbsXm¸w amXm]nXm¡fm¡pw ktlmZc§Ä¡pw Hs¡ kzØamb PohnXw IqSn k½m\n¡m³ IgnªhcmWv Hmtcm bpsI aebmfnbpw. Fómð bpsIbnð F¯nb aebmfnIfnð Ipd¨p t]Às¡¦nepw Cu `mKys¯ IqsS \nÀ¯m³ IgnbmsX t]mbn«papïv. \nÀ`mKyw Iq«ns\¯nbt¸mÄ \m«nte¡pÅ aS¡ bm{X AñmsX apónð thsd hgnIÄ Dïmbnñ FóXmWv kXyw. Fómð C¯cw \nÀ`mKyt¯msSm¸w Hmtcm Zpc´w IqSn Im¯ncn¡pópsï¦ntem? A¯cw Hcp PohnX A\p`hamWv GXm\pw \mfpIÄ¡p ap³]v tlhmÀUv lo¯nð \nópw \m«nte¡p PohnXw ]dn¨p \tSïn hó hnt\mZn\pw `mcy Znhybv¡pw Ct¸mÄ {_n«Wnse aebmfnItfmSv ]dbm³ _m

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bpsIbnse aebmfnIÄ A§s\bmWv. X§fnð HcmÄ¡v B]¯v hómð AhÀ I¿pw sa¿pw adóv cwK¯v Cd§pw. acW¯n\v IogS§nbpw tcmKNnInÕbv¡v ssI \o«pIbpw sNbvX At\Iw t]sc C§s\ ChÀ klmbn¨n«pïv. Gähpw HSphnð Cóse R§Ä {]kn²oIcn¨ tlhmÀUv lo¯nð Xmakn¨ tijw shdpw It¿msS aS§nb hnt\mZn\pw Znhy¡pw thïnbmWv aebmfnIÄ ssItImÀ¡póXv. Cóse Hcp Znhkw am{Xw k½À A¸oenð 1732.50 e`n¨p FóXv Xsó Cu kpa\Ênsâ thWw IW¡nem¡m³. _m¦v A¡uïv hgn t\cn«v Cóse ]Xn\tômfw hmb\¡mÀ kw`mh\ \evInbt¸mÄ hnÀPn³ aWn hgn Cóse 31 t]cmWv hnt\mZns\ klmbn¡m\mbn cwKs¯¯nbXv. ]Xn\ôv t]À tNÀóv _m¦v A¡uïv hgn 405 ]uïpw hnÀPn³ aWn A¡uïv hgn Kn^äv FbvUv AS¡w 1327.5 ]uïpamWv Cóse am{Xw \ðInbXv. bpsI kz]v--\hpambn F¯nsb¦nepw hn[nbpsS CSs]Sð aqew IS_m[yXbpambn XncnsI t]mb hnt\mZn\pw `mcy Znhybpw \n§fpsS ap¼nð ssI\n«n \nev¡póXv kz]v--\w Iï PnhnXw XncnsI ]nSn¡póXn\v thïnbmWv.

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]t¯m ]Xn\tôm sImñw ap³]v \½Ä bpsIbnð F¯pt¼mÄ F´mbncpóp AhØ. hnk ]pXp¡n In«ptam, AUm]v--täj³ In«ptam, Uns¸ââv hnk In«ptam, tPmen sN¿m³ A\paXn In«ptam, ]nBÀ In«ptam A§s\ A§s\ Fs´ñmw Bi¦IÄ Bbncpóp \ap¡v. Fón«v ssZhm\p{Klw sImïv Fñmw icnbmbn. ]nBdpw knänk¬jn¸pw hsc FSp¯p AXymhiyw tlmfntUbpw BtLmj§fpw Hs¡bmbn \½Ä Ignbpóp. BZysams¡ \m«nte¡v ]Ww Ab¨p kz¯p¡Ä hm§n. ]nsó ChnsS hoSpw aäp kz¯p¡fpambn. Cónt¸mÄ BZyIpÀ_m\ BtLmj§fpw tlmfntUIfpw Hs¡bmbn \½fpsS PohnXw ASns]mfnbmbn t]mIpóp. Fómð \½sf t]mse \ñ `mhn kz]v\w Iïp Fñmw hnäp s]dp¡nbpw temsWSp¯pw F¯n Hópw BImsX hn[n ssh]cysXy sImïp aS§nb At\Iw t]cpïv. IgpIòmsc t]mse GP³knIÄ F³hnIyp hnkbnð Bsf sImïp hó kab¯mbncpóp Cu Zpc´w Gähpw A[nIw kw`hn¨Xv. e£§Ä apS¡n ÌpUâv hnkbnð F¯n Hópw BImsX I¿nse Imip apgph³ GâpamÀ¡v \ðIn aS

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Aó-tamÄ¡v Ct¸mÄ H³]Xv hb-Êm-bn. Fón«pw AhÄ A½-bpsS ssI¡p-¼n-fnð \nópw ]pd¯v NmSn-bn-«n-ñ. DuWnepw Dd-¡-¯nepw A½ Ahsf FSp-¡-Ww. FSp¯v sImïv thWw kvIqfnð F¯n-¡m³. FSp¯v sImïv thWw `£Ww Ign-¸n-¡m\pw {]mY-anI Imcy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡m\pw. Fón«pw A½ an\n¡v ]cn-`-h-anñ ]cm-Xn-bn-ñ. aIÄ¡v thïn PohnXw amän h¨-Xnð an\n¡v kt´mjw am{Xw. ]s£ ap³t]m«v t\m¡p-t¼mÄ ImWpó iq\y-X, AX-hsc hñmsX `b-s¸-Sp-¯p-óp-ïv. AXp-sIm-ïmWv \nÀ`mKyh-Xn-bmb Cu A½ \½psS IcpW tXSp-óXv. Hcp ]uïv F¦nepw \ðIn \½Ä klm-bn-¨mð B A½bpsS I®p \nd-bpw. CXp-hsc k¦Sw sImïv \ndª I®v kt´mjw sImïpw \nd-bv¡m³ \n§Ä¡m-hp-tam. B tNmZy-amWv Cóv R§Ä \n§-fpsS ap³]nð hbv¡p-ó-Xv. Aó acnb tXmakv Fó aqómw ¢mÊnð ]Tn¡pó H³]Xp hbkpImcnbpsS IY\ IY I®ocnð Nmen¨p am{Xta FgpXm³ I-gn-bqshóXmWv kXyw. tIm«bw Pnñbnð

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H-cp sNdn-b ]-\n a-Xn \-½p-sS Po-hn-X-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv am-dm³. sN-hn th-Z-\bpw aq-{X-¯nð Iñpw ssh-dð ]-\nbpw P-e-tZm-jhpw t]m-ep \-½p-sS Pohn-X Nn´-sb am-äpw. A-{X-bv¡pw {]-[m-\-am-Wv B-tcm-Ky-I-cam-b Po-hn-¯n-sâ {]-kàn. A-t¸mÄ amdm-tcm-K-§Ä Io-g-S-¡nbm-tem? a-c-W-hp-am-bn añn-Sp-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð Po-hn-¡m-\p-Å h-gn Iq-Sn tX-tS-ï K-Xn-tI-Sn-em-Wv \-ap-¡p Np-äp-ap-Å ]-e Ip-Spw-_-§-fpw. km-am\yw X-c-t¡-Snñm-¯ h-cp-am-\w H-cp Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v t]mepw tcm-K-_m-[-bp-ïm-bmð ]n-Sn-¨p-\nð-¡m³ km-[n-¡nñ. Ip-Spw-_ _-P-än-sâ Xm-fw sX-än-s¡m-ïp \n-c´-cw Nn-In-ÕIÄ, B-ip-]{Xn _nñp-IÄ I-ïv A-Ôm-fn-¨v t]m-Ip-ó A-\p-`hw. F-ómepw I-Sw ta-Sn¨pw tem-sW-Sp¯pw h-kv-Xp hnäpw \-½Ä Nn-In-Õn-¡pw. A-Xm-Wv tcm-K-¯n-sâ am-{Xw {]-tXyI-X. F-ómð C-sXm-óp-anñm-¯-hÀ F-´p sN-¿pw. A-¯-cw \nÀ-`m-Ky-hm-òm-cp-sS P-òw X-só \-c-I-Xp-ey-am-bn am-dpw. hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn A-¡u-ïv h-gn tPm-kn-s\ k-lm-bn-¡m³ C-hn-sS ¢

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sNdn-sbmcp CS-th-fbv¡v tijw {_n«ojv ae-bmfn asämcp A¸oð IqSn \S-¯p-I-bm-Wv. {_n«-Wnse ae-bm-fn-IÄ klm-bn-¡p-saóv ]dªp tI«p \nc-´-c-ambn F¯n-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡pó klmb At]-£-IÄ s]cp-In-b-tXmsS Ipd¨v t]Às¡-¦nepw IqSn XpW-bmbmtem Fóv Icp-Xn-bmWv HmW-¯n\v ap³]v C§s\ Hcp A¸oð \S-¯p-ó-Xv. CXp-hsc e`n¨ 18 At]-£-I-fnð \mep t]sc-bmWv k½À A¸o-en-\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-¯-Xv. hmb-\-¡m-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-Ww B-th-i-Ic-amsW-¦nð Htóm ctïm t]sc IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯Ww Fóp-ïv. BZy Znhkw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-óXv \mev skâv ]pd-t¼m¡v `qan-bnð Ign-bpó Hcp Iqen-¸-Wn-¡m-csâ tcmK-_m-[n-X-\mb aI-s\-bmWv. Znh-khpw 1100 cq] apS-¡pÅ Cô-£³ thïn hcpó Cu _mesâ ktlm-Z-c-§-fpsS ]T\w F¦nepw apS-§m-Xn-cn-¡m³ Hcp ]s£ \½psS klmbw XpW Btb¡mw Fó hniz-k-amWv DÅ-Xv. dn-bm-kv tam-s\ k-lm-bn-¡m³ Xmð-]-cy-ap-Å-hÀ hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn h-gn ]-Ww \ð-Im³ C-hn-sS ¢n-¡v sN¿pI A]qÀÆ tcmKw _m[n¨ dnbmkv-tam³ \n§fpsS IcpWb

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]-d-hq-cn-se Zp-c-´-¯nð A-¸\pw A-½-bp-w \-ã-s¸-«v A-\m-Y-cm-bn amdn-b Ir-jv-W-bpw In-tjmdpw hn-Xp-¼-tem-sS B-bn-cp-óp B sN-¡v ssI-¸-än-bXv. {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j³ ]-c-hqÀ A-¸o-en-sâ t]-cnð I-gn-ª Znh-kw \-S¯n-b A-¸o-enð ti-J-cn-¨ 2586 ]u-ïnsâ sN-¡v sh-Ån-bmgv-N ]-c-hq-À F-kv-_n-Sn _m-¦nð h-¨v ssI-am-dp-ó N-S-§-n-em-bn-cp-óp Zp-xJ-I-c-am-b Cu A-\p`-hw D-ïm-bXv. A-t\-Iw t]À klm-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-§Ä \ð-In-sb-¦nepw B-Zy-am-bn k-lm-bw F-¯n-¡p-ó-Xv {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn B-bn-cpóp. B N-S-§n-\v sXm-«v ]n-óm-se Có-se ]-¯-\m-]pc-¯v h-¨v a-säm-cp NS-§v Iq-Sn \-Sóp. Cu-ÌÀ hn-jp A-¸o-enð ti-J-cn-¨ 11,000  ]uïv ssI-am-dp-ó N-S-§m-bn-cp-óp ]-¯-\m-]p-cw Km-Ôn `-h-\nð \-S-óXv. tem-Iw A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-ó im-kv-{X-Ú³ B-bn«pw I-Å-t¡-kv D-ïm-¡n a-e-bm-fn-IÄ \m-Ww sI-Sp-¯n-b \-¼n \m-cm-b-W³ X-sâ A-\p-`-h-§Ä ]-¦v h¨p-sIm-ïm-bn-cp-óp N-S-§n-\v sIm-gp-¸p-Iq-«n-bXv

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]-c-hqÀ A-¸oð Xp-I A-\m-Ycm-b Ir-jv-W-bv¡pw In-tjm-dn\pw \ð-Im-\p-Å {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tïj-sâ Xo-cp-am-\-{]-Im-cw Có-se \-S¯n-b h¬ tU A-¸oð h³ hn-Pbw. Có-se H-ä Znh-kw am-{Xw hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn h-gn Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv A-S-¡hpw _m-¦v A-¡u-ïn-te-bv-¡v t\-cn-«p-am-bn 919 ]u-ïv e-`n-¨-t¸mÄ In-tjm-dn\pw Ir-jv-W-bv-¡p-am-bn \ð-Ip-ó Xp-I 1667 ]u-ïnð \n-ópw 2586.87 ]u-ïm-bn D-b-À-óp. F-óp-h-¨mð G-Xm-ïv c-ï-ce-£w cq-] A-\m-Y-cm-b Cu Ip-cp-óp-IÄ-¡v \ð-Im³ I-gn-sa-óÀ°w. C-cp-hÀ-¡p-ap-Å ^-ïv hn-Xc-Ww A-Sp-¯ Bgv-N X-só \-S-¡p-sa-óm-Wv {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j³ ssh-kv sN-bÀ-am³ sI Un jmPn-tam³ A-dn-bn-¨Xv. jmPn-tam\m-Wv ^-ïv hn-X-c-W-¯n-\p-Å Npa-X-e \ð-In-bn-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. Có-se H-cp Znh-kw am-{Xw 25 t]-cm-Wv kw-`m-h-\ \ð-In-bXv. B-sI 45 t]À hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn h-gn-bpw 20 t]À _m-¦v A-¡u-ïn-te-bv-¡v t\-cn«pw ]-Ww \ðIn. Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv A-S-¡w 2035 ]u-ïm-bn-cp-óp hnÀ-P

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Irjv-W-sb-bpw In-tjm-dn-s\bpw \n-§Ä A-dn-bntñ? ]p-än-§Ä Zp-c-´-¯n-sâ t]-cnð \-½p-sS H-s¡ I-®p- \ndbn-¨hÀ. D-´p-h-ïn-bnð \S-óv ]-¨¡-dn hn-äv A-Ñ\pw sXm-gn-epd-¸v ]-Wn-¡v t]m-bn A-½bpw ]Tn-¸n¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-ó k-tlm-Z-c-§Ä. X-e-\m-cn-g-bv-¡v B-bp-kv Xn-cn-¨p-In-«n Po-hn-X-¯n-te-bv-¡v a-S-§n-bhÀ. ]¯mw ¢m-knð ]Tn-¡p-ó Ir-jv-Wbpw G-gmw ¢m-knð ]Tn-¡p-ó In-tjm-dpw- C-t¸mÄ A-\m-Y-cmWv. A-hÀ-¡m-cp-anñ. H-cp-]m-Sv t]À hen-b hen-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-§Ä \ð-In-sb-¦nepw Cu Ip-cp-óp-IÄ C-t¸mÄ B-sc-bpw- Im-Wp-ónñ. C-cp-h-scbpw G-sä-Sp-s¯-óv kÀ-¡mcpw A-hÀ-¡v k-lm-bw \ð-Ip-sa-óv hy-h-km-bn-Ifpw H-s¡ hm-tXm-cm-sX {]-kw-Kn¨p. ]-{X -hmÀ-¯-IÄ In-«n-¡-gn-ª-t¸mÄ hm-Kv-Zm-\w \ðIn-b ]-e-scbpw Im-Wm-\nñ. G-sä-Sp-s¯-óv {]-Jym-]n-¨ kÀ-¡mÀ C-t¸mÄ ]-d-bpó-Xv sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v I-½o-j³ k-½-Xn-¡p-ónñ F-ómWv. k-lm-bw hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-bv-X-h

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]c-hq-cnse Zpc´w ae-bmfn Hcn-¡epw ad-¡p-I-bn-ñ. tIcfw Iï Gähpw henb Zpc-´-§-fnð Hóm-bn-cpóp CXv. Aán hngp-d§nb B Zpc-´¯nsâ thZ\ ad-¡m³ tIc-f-¯n\v km[n-¡n-ñ. AXp-sImïv ]pän-§-ense \ncm-ew-_À¡v tI{µ tIcf kÀ¡m-cp-Ifpw hyh-km-bn-Ifpw klmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv. AXn-\n-S-bnð {_n«ojv ae-bmfn hmb-\-¡mÀ \ðIn-bXv hen-sbmcp XpI Asñóv Adn-ªn«pw A¸o-ep-ambn Cd-§n-bXv Cu Zpc-´-¯n-t\mSv \½Ä sFIy-ZmÀVyw ]peÀ¯p-ó-Xnsâ `mK-ambn am{Xw Bbn-cp-óp. AXp sImïmïv ]Ww sImSp-¡m³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡pó Xc-¯nð hmÀ¯-IÄ t]mepw sImSp-¡p-ó-Xv. B sFIy-ZmÀVy {]Imcw Cóse AÀ² cm{Xn-bnð kam-]n-¨-t¸mÄ BsI e`n-¨Xv 1667 ]uïmbn DbÀóp. hnÀPn³ aWn hgn Kn^väv F-bnUv DÄs¸sS 25 hmb-\-¡mÀ 1288. 75 ]uïv \ðIn-b-t¸mÄ _m¦v A¡u-ïnte¡v t\cn«v 415 ]uïv e`n-¡pI Bbn-cp-óp. hnÀPn³ aWn¡v e`n-¡pó 36. 75 ]uïv I½o-j³ IqSn Ipd¨mWv cïv XpIbpw tN&A

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