{_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn-¡v i-cm-i-cn 25000 hm-b-\-¡m-cm-Wp-ÅXv. F-óp-h-¨mð Fñm Zn-h-k-hpw 23000¯n-\pw 30000¯n\pw C-S-bnð B-fp-IÄ {_n-«o-jv- a-e-bm-fn hm-bn-¡póp. Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä e-`n-¡m-sX I-ã-s¸-« k-a-b-¯v Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä \ð-In-bm-Wv R-§Ä CXn-\v Xp-S-¡-an«Xv. ]qÀ-®ambpw ku-P-\y-am-bn hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡v Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä ssI-am-dm³ th-ïn C-Xv Xp-S-§p-t¼mÄ em-`w B-bn-cp-ónñ e-£yw. hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡v ]qÀ-®-ambpw ku-P-\y-am-bn hn-h-c-§Ä \ð-In-s¡m-ïv X-só ]-c-ky-¡m-cnð \nópw ]-Ww hm-§n- R-§Ä C-Xv em-`-I-c-am-¡n. F-ómð km-aq-ly t_m-[-¯nð \nópw sXñpw h-gn-am-dm-sX k-ô-cn-¨v R§Ä Cu k-aq-l-¯n-\v- F-ópw sh-fn-¨w ]-IÀ-óp sIm-ïn-cp-óp.  A-Xn-sâ H-s¡ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn-cp-óp {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j-sâ Xp-S-¡hpw. a-\-Ênð \-ò Im-¯v kq-£n-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS k-¼m-Zy-¯nð \nópw sNdn-sbm-cp Xp-I hm-§n Xn-I¨pw AÀ-l-X-s&

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C-Xv tIm«-bw Pnñ-bn-se A-bÀ-¡p-ów kz-tZ-inbm-b a-dn-bm-½ F-ó hn-[-h-bp-sS Po-hn-X-I-Y-bmWv. \m-ev hÀ-j-am-bn A-c-bv-¡v Io-gv-t¸m-«v X-fÀ-óv In-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv Cu ho«-½. ho-«p apä-¯v \n-ó t\-cw ho-in-b-Sn-¨ Im-änð a-dn-ªv ho-W sX-§v ho-Wm-Wv a-dn-bm-½ X-fÀ-óv t]m-bXv. a-dn-bm-½-sb Im-¯p-]-cn-]m-en-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð `À-¯m-hv A-]-I-S-¯nð a-cn¨p. hn-[n-bp-sS {Iq-c-X-bnð hoWp-t]m-b a-dn-bm-½-bp-sS Xp-SÀ Nn-In-Õ¡pw a-¡-fp-sS ]T-\-¯n\pw h-gn-ap-«n \nð-¡p-I-bm-Wv C-t¸mÄ. c-ïv a-¡-fm-Wv a-dn-bm-½-bv-¡p-ÅXv. C-h-cpsS ]T-\w F-t¸mÄ th-W-sa-¦nepw ap-S§mw F-óv t]-Sn-¨m-Wv C-t¸mÄ a-dn-bm½ I-gn-bp-óXv. Ch-sc Xp-W-bv-¡m-\p-Å A-`yÀ-°-\-bp-am-bm-Wv R-§Ä Cós¯ {In-kv-Xpa-kv A-¸o-enð hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-¼nð F-¯p-óXv. Ac¡v Iotgm«v ]qÀ®ambpw XfÀóp Ignª \mev hÀjambn Htc InS¸nð In-S-¡p-ó a-dn-bm½ hnZKv[ NnInÕ¡pw a¡fpsS ]T\¯n-\p-amWv hmb\¡

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temI-s¯ G-ähpw I-cp-W-bp-Å a-e-bm-fn k-aq-l-am-Wv X-§-fp-tS-sX-óv hn-fn-¨v ]-d-bm³ H-cp-§p-I-bm-Wv bp-sI-bn-se a-e-bm-fn k-aqlw. Cu {In-kv-Xpa-kv B-tLm-jn¡pw ap-¼v H-cp ]u-ïv \ð-In I-®o-c-\p-`-hn-¡p-ó H-cp Ip-Spw-_-¯n-s\-¦n-epw B-izm-kw ]-I-cmw F-ó k-tµ-iw D-bÀ-¯n {_n-«n-jv a-e-bm-fn B-cw-`n-¨ {In-kv-a-kv A-¸o-en-\v A-{X-tað P-\-]n-´p-W-bm-Wv e-`n-¡p-óXv. t]-cv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ B-{K-ln-¡m-¯ A-Rv-PmX\mb- H-cp hm-b-\-¡m-c³ hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn A-¡u-ïn-te-¡v 1000 ]u-ïv \n-t£-]n-¨-t¸mÄ Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv A-S-¡w 1250 ]u-ïv F-¯n-t¨À-ó a-l-¯m-b am-Xr-I-bm-Wv A-Xnð G-ähpw h-epXv. \-½Ä ]-g-b X-e-ap-d-¡m-cp-sS Imcyw am{Xw Im-cy-am-¡p-t¼mÄ ]pXn-b Ip-«n-Ifpw Cu B-th-i-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-Ip-óp F-ó A-Ûp-Xhpw R-§Ä B-th-i-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿p-óXv. F«ph-b-kp-Im-c³ B-ZÀ-iv tPmÀ-Pv F-ó hn-ZymÀ-°n Ahsâ {In-kv-Xpa-kv s]-«n Xpd-óv 50 ]u-ïv kw-`m-h-\ \ð-In-b-t¸mÄ sSð-t^mÀ-Uv kz-tZ-inbmb tIm-tf-Pv hn-

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Cu {I-nkv-Xp-a-kn-\v \n-§-Ä¡v H-cp-]m-Sv ]pWyw e-`n-¡m³ ssZ-hw Xó A-h-k-c-am-bn I-cp-Xn H-cp ]u-ïv F-¦nepw \n-t£-]n¡p-tam? \n-§-fp-sS ]W-añ \n-§-fp-sS a\km-Wv R-§Ä tNm-Zn-¡p-ó-Xv. 15 \nÀ[\ tcm-KnI-sf k-lm-bn-¡m³ I-gn-ªmð \n-§-fp-sS H-cp ]u-ïn\v H-cm-bn-cw ]u-ïn-sâ hn-e B-bn-cn¡pw D-ïm-hp-I. R-§Ä \n-§-fp-sS ap-ónð F-¯n-¡p-ó Cu 15t]cpw XoÀ¯pw \nÀ-²-\-cm-Wv. \n-§Ä k-lm-bn-¨n-sñ-¦nð Po-hn-X-¯nð C-cp-«p ho-gp-ó A-h-Ø-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv C-h-cnð ]-ecpw IS-óp t]m-Ip-óXv. {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j³ H-cmgv-N ap-¼mWv {In-kva-kv A-¸o-ep-am-bn hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-ón-se-¯n-bXv. A¸oen-sâ `m-K-ambn CXn-t\mS-Iw R-§Ä B-dp \n-cm-ew-_-cpsS I-Y {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨p I-gnªp. {InkvXp-aÊv Nmcnän A¸o-en-enð Cóv R§Ä \n§fpsS IcpW¡mbn F¯n-¡póXv Imªnc¸Ån Ipdphmapgn kztZ-in-bm-b cmaN{µ³ Fó Im³ktcmK _m[nXs\ BWv. hm-bn-se Im³-kdn-t\m-Sv añn-«mWv cm-a-N-{µ³ Po-hn-Xw ap-tóm-«

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So-\-tam-fp-sS th-Z-\ A-hÄ-¡v ]-d-ª-dn-bn-¡m³ t]mepw h-¿. sN-dp-Ip-S-en\pw h³-Ip-S-en\pw {h-Ww _m-[n-¨v A-hÄ Ic-ªv \n-e-hn-fn-¡p-t¼mÄ I-®v \n-d-tbï-Xv \-½p-tS-bmWv. A-h-fp-sS th-Z-\-bv-¡v ]-cn-lm-cw Cñm-ªn«ñ. A-Xv ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ ap-S-¡m³ ]-Ww Cñm-¯Xp-sIm-ïmWv. {In-kva-Xv A-¸o-enð C-óv R-§Ä hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-¼nð ssI \o-«p-óXv Cu Ip-ªn-sâ th-Z-\ A-I-äm³ BWv. A-¸oð H-cmgv-N ]n-ón-Sp-t¼m-tg¡pw bp-sI a-e-bm-fn-IÄ a-\Êp-sIm-ïv A-Xn-s\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨v I-gn-ªp F-ó Xn-cn-¨-dn-hnð \n-óm-Wv So-\-bp-sS I-Ybpw ]-d-bp-óXv. Có-se H-ä Znh-kw sIm-ïv 1590 ]u-ïv hm-b-\-¡mÀ \ð-In-bm-Wv {In-kva-kv A-¸o-en-s\ B-th-i-am-¡n-b-Xv. Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn A-¡u-ïv h-gn-bpw 995 ]uïpw Nm-cn-än A-¡u-ïn-te-¡v t\-cn-«v 595 ]u-ïp-am-Wv Có-se e-`n-¨Xv. hym-gm-gv-Nbpw k-am-\am-b Xp-I e-`n-¨n-cpóp. hym-gmgv-N c-ïv A-¡u-ïn-eq-sSbpw B-sI e-`n-¨-Xv 1616.25 ]u-ïm-bn-cp-óp. B-Zy \m-ev Zn-h-k-§-

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\n-§Ä tI-c-f-¯n-se [ym-\-tI-{µ-§-fnð t]m-bn [ym-\-§-fnð ]-s¦-Sp-¡m-dp-Å hy-ànbm-tWm? F-¦nð XoÀ-¨-bmbpw \n-§Ä a-\p-{_-Z-dn-s\ A-dn-bm-Xn-cn-¡nñ. F-t¸mgpw ]p-ôn-cn-¡p-ó apJ-¯v \-ò-bp-sS {]-Im-iw sNm-cn-ªv \nð-Ipó sImñw X-¦-tÈ-cn kz-tZ-inbm-b a-\p {_-Z-dn-sâ {]-`mj-Wtam Iu¬-kn-ent§m \n-§Ä H-cn-¡ð F-¦nepw A-\p-`-hn-¨n-«p-ïm-Ipw. Nnäq-À [ym-\ tI-{µ-¯nepw {]-[m-\-ambpw skln-tbm-\pw Un-ssh\pw A-S-¡-ap-Å a-äv [ym-\ tI-{µ-§-fnepw ss_-_nÄ {]-`m-j-W-¯n\pw Iu¬-kn-enw-Kn\pw t]m-Ip-ó a-\p {_-tZÀ ]-t£ a-\-Ên-ð ad-¨v h-¨ H-cp k¦-Sw hm-b-\¡m-tcm-Sv ]-d-bp-I-bmWv. \n-§Ä-¡v k-¦ð-]n-¡m³ t]m-epw km-[n-¡m-¯ th-Z-\-bp-sS I-Y-bm-WnXv. \n-§-fp-sS th-Z-\-IÄ a-\-Ên-te-¡v kzo-I-cn-¨v ]-cn-lm-cw \nÀ-t±-in-¡p-t¼mgpw a-\p {_Zdn-sâ a-\-knð H-cp hen-b th-Z-\ Fópw \o-dn In-S-ón-cpóp. C-f-b-a-I-sâ F-Wo-ä-v \-nð-¡m³ t]mepw km-[n-¡m¯ tcm-Km-h-Ø. {_n«njv aebmfn hmb\¡mc\m-b C-Sp&

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"\n§sfms¡ F{X `mKyapÅhcmWv, {_n-«-Wnð t]mIm\pw tPmen sN¿m\psams¡ km[n¨tñm. \½psS \m«nse Iã¸mSpw ZpcnXhpsamópw AhnsS Cñtñm? Hcp tcmKw hómev NnInÕt]mepw kuP\yambn In«pIbntñ?" Ign-ª B-K-kv-änð tIm«bw sdUvt{Imkv S-h-dnð h¨v \Só {_n«ojv aebmfn NmcnänbpsS ^ïv hnXcWmhk-c-¯nð Iïpap«nb H-cp A-²ym]nI ]dªXmWnXv. So-¨-dn-\v ]-cn-N-b-ap-Å H-cp hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n-bp-sS Pohn-X I-Y hy-à-am-¡p-ó tc-J-I-fp-am-bn B-bn-cp-óp So-¨À A-só-¯n-b-Xv. Nn-In-Õn-¡m³ \n-hr-¯n-bnñm-¯h-sc Nn-In-Õn-¡m³ Cw-¥-ïnð \n-ópw B-tcm ]-W-hp-am-bn F-¯n-bn-«p-ïv F-óp ]d-ªv tI-«m-bn-cp-óp So-¨-dn-sâ h-c-hv. -B At]-£ hm-§n hn-i-Zam-b A-t\zj-Ww \S-¯n {S-Ìn-I-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-bv-¡v \ð-Im-\p-Å- Np-aX-e Cu te-J-I-\m-bn-cpóp. H-cp hÀ-jw ap-¼v {_n-«n-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j-sâ `m-K-am-Im³ I-gn-ª-Xnð G-sd A-`n-am-\w tXmón-b \n-an-j-am-bn-cp-óp C-sX-óv ]-d-bmw. Imc-Ww Pohn-X Zp-c-´-§-fp-sS \qð

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C-Xv H-cp Po-h-sâbpw {]m-W-sâbpw I-Y-bmWv. cïpw H-cp-an-¨v t]m-Ip-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð Poh-\v XS-Êw h-ó-t¸mÄ A-Xv k-½-Xn-¡nñ F-óp ]-d-ª-v {]m-W³ cw-K-¯n-d§n-b I-Y. h-À-¡-e {io-\n-hm-k-]pcw kz-tZ-inbm-b Ifn-ho-«nð Zo-]-In-sâ a-¡-fm-Wv Po-h\pw {]m-W-\pw. 13 Im-c\m-b Po-h³ C-t¸mÄ Poh-sâ \qð-¸m-e-¯n-eq-sS-bm-Wv \-S-¡p-óXv. càm-À-_p-Z-¯n-sâ ]n-Sn-bnðs]-«v tN-«³ th-Z-\ A-\p-`-hn-¡p-t¼mÄ A-\nb-\v A-Xv k-ln-¡m³ ]-äp-ó-Xn-epw A-¸p-d-am-bn-cp-óp. H³-]-Xp-Im-c\m-b A-\n-b³ {]m-W³ X-sâ {]m-W³ sIm-Sp¯pw tN-«-sâ Po-h³ Im-¡p-sa-ó {]-Xn-Ú-bn-emWv. A-XnXo-{ham-b Cu th-Z-\-bnð A-hÀ-¡v H-cp ssI k-lm-bw thWw. A-Xn-\m-Wv {]n-b hm-b-\-¡m-sc A-h-cp-sS I-®o-cnð I-eÀ-ó I-Y R-§Ä C-hn-sS Ip-dn-¡p-óXv. Po-h\pw {]m-W-\pw th-ïn ]n-Xm-hv H-cp¡n-b I-fn-ho-«nð C-t¸mÄ I-®o-cv am-{X-am-Wv _m-¡n. shñqÀ {InkvXy³ saUn¡ð tImtfPnð Pohsâ I«nen\cnsI Im¯n-cn¡pIbmWv {]mW³. a-Ö F-´v F-óv A-dn

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aq-hm-äp-]p-g-bv-¡v k-ao-]-ap-Å hm-f-Iwþta-¡S-¼v tZ-i-¯n-\v sN-ómð BZyw {i-²-bnð-s¸-Spó-Xv APn-tam-³ F-ó H-cp sN-dp-¸-¡mc-sâ t]-cmWv. APn-tam³ A-hn-Sp-s¯ t\-Xmthm {]m-ôn-tb-«t\m H-ópañ. F-ón«pw APn-tam-sâ Nn-{X-§-fp-Å ^v-sf-Iv-kp-IÄ B {Km-a-¯nð \nd-sb D-ïv. hm-l-\-§-fnepw ¢-ºp-I-fnepw H-s¡ APn-tam-sâ Nn-{X-§Ä Im-Wmw. ]p-ón-e-¯nð ]n-sI APn-tam³ F-ó Cu 41 Im-c³ H-cp tcm-Kn-bmWv. Kp-cp-X-cam-b I-cÄ tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨v te¡v-tjm-dnð Nn-In-Õ tX-Sn-s¡m-ïn-cn-¡-pó tcm-Kn. \m-«n-se H-cp hÀ¡v-tjm-¸v Po-h-\-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp-ó APn-tam-s\ k-lm-bn-¡m³ Cu \m-«p-ImÀ H-cp-an-¨mWv. Bcpw {i-an-¨n-«nñm-¯ amÀ-K-§-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv A-hÀ B-h-iy-am-b 37 e-£w cq-] ti-J-cn-¡p-ó-Xv. aIsâ Po-h³ \n-e-\nÀ-¯m³ cm-KnWn A£-c-tamÄ-¡v hr-¡ \ð-Ipw; A-£-c-bp-sS A-½ cm-KnWnbp-sS a-I-\pw; c-ïv A-½-amÀ i-co-cw ap-dn-¨v \-ev-Ip-t¼mÄ H-óp ssI-b-Sn-¡m³ F-¦nepw \-ap-&ie

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temI-s¯ G-ähpw hen-b kv-t\-lw A-½-bv-¡v a-¡-tfm-Sp-Å-Xm-Wv F-óm-Wv tem-I-sa-¼m-Sp-ap-Å hn-izmkw. A-Xv s\m-´v s]-äXn-sâ kv-t\-lw X-sóbmWv. A-sñ-¦nð F-t´ AÑ-\v A-½-tbm-sSm-¸w F-¯m³ I-gn-bp-ónñ? a-¡Ä-¡v B]-¯v h-ómð B-bpÊpw A-hÀ \ð-Ipw. A¯-cw H-cp A-]qÀ-Æ kv-t\-l-¯n-sâ I-Y-bm-Wv {In-kva-kv A-¸o-en-sâ B-Zy Zn-\-¯nð R-§Ä hm-b-\-¡m-cp-am-bn ]-¦v h-bv-¡p-óXv. aI-sâ Po-h³ \n-e-\n-À-¯m-\m-bn H-cp A-½ A-§-I-se-bp-Å H-cp a-IÄ-¡v i-co-cw \ð-Ip-t¼mÄ a-säm-c-½ a-I-fp-sS Poh-\v thïn Cu aI-\v hr-¡ \ð-Ipóp. XriqÀ Pnñbn-se ta-e-SqÀ kztZin Ab caWsâ `mcy cmKnWn Xsâ aIsâ Poh³ \n-e-\nÀ¯m³ Be¸pg kztZin A£c¡v hr¡ \ðIpt¼mÄ A£cbpsS A½bpsS hr¡ AXpensâ PohnX¯n\p shfn¨w ]-I-cpw. Cu A-]qÀ-Æ kv-t\-lw k-Xy-am-IpóXv Cu h-cp-ó P-\p-h-cn 15\v F-d-Wm-Ip-fw en-Ên B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-em-Wv. C-hÀ C§-s\ th-Z-\n-¨v \n-e-hn-fn-¡p-t¼mÄ \-ap-&

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