{In-kv-a-kv A-¸oenð hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS Icp-W tX-Sn R-§Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡pó 11þm-a-s¯ \nÀ-²-\ tcm-Kn h-b-\m-«n-se {Km-a-¯nð \n-óp-Å H-cp ]m-hs¸-« kv-{Xo-bm-Wv. XpWn hn-cn¡m³ I-b-dp-ó h-gn sXón ho-Wv A-c-bv-¡p Xm-tg X-fÀ-óp-t]m-b Hcp ho-«-½-bm-Wv hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS I-cp-W-bv-¡m-bn C-hn-sS ssI \o-«p-ó-Xv. sI jn-_p  F-sóm-cp hm-b-\-¡m-c-\m-Wv h-b-\m-Sv Pnñ-bn-se I-Wn-bmwt]-« {Km-a-¯n-se sP-kn-bp-sS \n-k-l-mb-h-Ø {-_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tïj-sâ {i-²-bnð-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. k-t´m-j-I-cam-b Po-hn-Xw ap-tóm-«v sIm-ïv t]m-Ip-ó-Xn-\n-sS s]-s«-óv Zpcn-X I-b-¯n-te-¡v ho-W I-Y-bm-Wv sP-kn-bp-sS-Xv. hb\mSv- Pnñbnse  I-Wn-bmw-t]« Fó {Kma¯nð 5 sk-âv Øehpw, Hcp sNdnb hoSpw XoÀ¯v X¿ð ¡mc\mb `À-¯mhvv _m-_p-hn\pw, hn-ZyÀ°n Ifmb cïp a¡Ä¡pw H¸w k-t´mjIcamb PohnXw \bn¨v- h-cp-t¼m-gm-Wv sP--kn-tb tX-Sn Zpc-´w F-¯n-b-Xv. sPÊn  XpWn DW¡m³ CSm³ thïn X«nIq«nb GWn  hgn hoSn\p ap-

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Htc kabw cïv amcI tcmK-§Ä Hcp-an¨v th«-bm-Sp-I-bmWv tIm«bw Pnñ-bnse hmgqÀ kztZin Ab cho-{µs\. Cu Nn{X¯nte¡v t\m¡q, 50 hbkv ]nón« Hcp a[y h-bkvI³ BsWóv \n§Ä Xncn¨dnbpóptïm? cïp amcI tcmK§Ä ImgvNbnð ]Sp hr²\m¡nb Hcp \nÀ²\mb tcmKn. A¸s\ NnIn-Õn-¡m³ HmSn \-S-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð aq¯aIsâ ]T-\hpw apS-§n. NnIn-Õbv¡v thïn-bpÅ bm{X-¡n-S-bnð saUn-¡ð tImtf-Pnse Hcp tcmKn-bmWv Cu Ip-Spw-_-t¯msS {_n«ojv ae-bmfn Nmcnän ^utï-jsâ hnhcw ]d-bpó-Xv. Bcpw XpW-bn-ñmsX Aebpó Cu IpSpw_w A§-s\-bmWv {]Xo-£-tbmsS Ct§m«v ssI \o-«nb-Xv. lrZ-b-¯nse \oÀs¡«pw izmk-tImi AÀ_pZhpw Htc t]mse th«-bm-Spó Cu IpSpw-_-¯n-sâ \mY\v Að¸w BsW-¦nepw Bizm-k-ta-Im³ {_n«ojv ae-bmfn hmb-\-¡m-À k-lm-bn-¡p-sa-óm-Wv c-ho-{µ-sâ `m-cy-bp-sSbpw a-¡-fp-sSbpw {]-Xo£. Iq-en-¸-Wn-sN-bv-Xv Ip-Spw-_w t]m-än-bn-cpó cho{µsâ PohnX¯nte-¡v Bdpamkw ap³]mWv- izmk tImi Im³kÀ hnñ\mbn F¯n-bXv. H-¸w C-Sn¯

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lrZ-bw \o-dp-ó th-Z-\bp-sS I-Y-bmWv tIm«bw Pnñbnse N§\mtÈcn amS¸Ån kztZin ss\_n tXm-a-kn\v ]d-bm\p-Å-Xv. B-cp-sSbpw ip-]mÀ-i Iq-Sm-sX ap-¼v k-lm-bw ssI-¸än-b Btcm ]d-ªv tI-«v F-s´-¦nepw e-`n-¡p-sa-óv I-cp-Xn Nmcnän ^utïj\nð A-t]-£ kaÀ-¸n¨XmWv Cu Ip-Spw_w. h-gn-bm-{X-bnð sh-¨v ]-cn-N-b-s¸« H-cm-fm-Wv Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j-s\¡p-dn-¨v ]-d-ª-sX-óv ss\_n tXm-a-knsâ am-Xm-hv ]dªp. F-{X In«n-bmepw k-t´m-jw F-óm-bn-cp-óp A-t]£n-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu Ip-Spw¯n\v ]d-bm³ D-ïm-bn-cp-ó-Xv. 21 Im-c\mb ss\_n-bp-sS \s«ñn\m-Wv Iym³-kÀ _m-[n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv. Nn-In-Õn-¡m³ \n-hÀ-¯n-bnñm-¯Xp-sIm-ïv ]e Nn-In-Õ-Ifpw th-ïm-óv sh-¨v th-Z\ Xn-óv I-gn-bp-I-bmWv Cu sN-dp-¸-¡m-c³.  ss\-_n¡v Hó-c hÀjw ap¼mWv- Iym³kÀ tcmKe£W§Ä Iïp XpS§n-bXv. amS¸Ån abnemSnbnð sF-sFSn¡v cïmw hÀjw ]Tn¡pt¼mÄ iàamb ]pdw thZ\ A\p`hs¸«tXmsSbmWv ss\_n NnInÕ XpS§n-bXv. sN¯n]pg

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{_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn-¡v i-cm-i-cn 25000 hm-b-\-¡m-cm-Wp-ÅXv. F-óp-h-¨mð Fñm Zn-h-k-hpw 23000¯n-\pw 30000¯n\pw C-S-bnð B-fp-IÄ {_n-«o-jv- a-e-bm-fn hm-bn-¡póp. Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä e-`n-¡m-sX I-ã-s¸-« k-a-b-¯v Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä \ð-In-bm-Wv R-§Ä CXn-\v Xp-S-¡-an«Xv. ]qÀ-®ambpw ku-P-\y-am-bn hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡v Ir-Xyam-b hn-h-c-§Ä ssI-am-dm³ th-ïn C-Xv Xp-S-§p-t¼mÄ em-`w B-bn-cp-ónñ e-£yw. hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡v ]qÀ-®-ambpw ku-P-\y-am-bn hn-h-c-§Ä \ð-In-s¡m-ïv X-só ]-c-ky-¡m-cnð \nópw ]-Ww hm-§n- R-§Ä C-Xv em-`-I-c-am-¡n. F-ómð km-aq-ly t_m-[-¯nð \nópw sXñpw h-gn-am-dm-sX k-ô-cn-¨v R§Ä Cu k-aq-l-¯n-\v- F-ópw sh-fn-¨w ]-IÀ-óp sIm-ïn-cp-óp.  A-Xn-sâ H-s¡ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn-cp-óp {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j-sâ Xp-S-¡hpw. a-\-Ênð \-ò Im-¯v kq-£n-¡p-ó-h-cp-sS k-¼m-Zy-¯nð \nópw sNdn-sbm-cp Xp-I hm-§n Xn-I¨pw AÀ-l-X-s&

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C-Xv tIm«-bw Pnñ-bn-se A-bÀ-¡p-ów kz-tZ-inbm-b a-dn-bm-½ F-ó hn-[-h-bp-sS Po-hn-X-I-Y-bmWv. \m-ev hÀ-j-am-bn A-c-bv-¡v Io-gv-t¸m-«v X-fÀ-óv In-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv Cu ho«-½. ho-«p apä-¯v \n-ó t\-cw ho-in-b-Sn-¨ Im-änð a-dn-ªv ho-W sX-§v ho-Wm-Wv a-dn-bm-½ X-fÀ-óv t]m-bXv. a-dn-bm-½-sb Im-¯p-]-cn-]m-en-¡p-ó-Xn-\n-S-bnð `À-¯m-hv A-]-I-S-¯nð a-cn¨p. hn-[n-bp-sS {Iq-c-X-bnð hoWp-t]m-b a-dn-bm-½-bp-sS Xp-SÀ Nn-In-Õ¡pw a-¡-fp-sS ]T-\-¯n\pw h-gn-ap-«n \nð-¡p-I-bm-Wv C-t¸mÄ. c-ïv a-¡-fm-Wv a-dn-bm-½-bv-¡p-ÅXv. C-h-cpsS ]T-\w F-t¸mÄ th-W-sa-¦nepw ap-S§mw F-óv t]-Sn-¨m-Wv C-t¸mÄ a-dn-bm½ I-gn-bp-óXv. Ch-sc Xp-W-bv-¡m-\p-Å A-`yÀ-°-\-bp-am-bm-Wv R-§Ä Cós¯ {In-kv-Xpa-kv A-¸o-enð hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-¼nð F-¯p-óXv. Ac¡v Iotgm«v ]qÀ®ambpw XfÀóp Ignª \mev hÀjambn Htc InS¸nð In-S-¡p-ó a-dn-bm½ hnZKv[ NnInÕ¡pw a¡fpsS ]T\¯n-\p-amWv hmb\¡

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temI-s¯ G-ähpw I-cp-W-bp-Å a-e-bm-fn k-aq-l-am-Wv X-§-fp-tS-sX-óv hn-fn-¨v ]-d-bm³ H-cp-§p-I-bm-Wv bp-sI-bn-se a-e-bm-fn k-aqlw. Cu {In-kv-Xpa-kv B-tLm-jn¡pw ap-¼v H-cp ]u-ïv \ð-In I-®o-c-\p-`-hn-¡p-ó H-cp Ip-Spw-_-¯n-s\-¦n-epw B-izm-kw ]-I-cmw F-ó k-tµ-iw D-bÀ-¯n {_n-«n-jv a-e-bm-fn B-cw-`n-¨ {In-kv-a-kv A-¸o-en-\v A-{X-tað P-\-]n-´p-W-bm-Wv e-`n-¡p-óXv. t]-cv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯m³ B-{K-ln-¡m-¯ A-Rv-PmX\mb- H-cp hm-b-\-¡m-c³ hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn A-¡u-ïn-te-¡v 1000 ]u-ïv \n-t£-]n-¨-t¸mÄ Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv A-S-¡w 1250 ]u-ïv F-¯n-t¨À-ó a-l-¯m-b am-Xr-I-bm-Wv A-Xnð G-ähpw h-epXv. \-½Ä ]-g-b X-e-ap-d-¡m-cp-sS Imcyw am{Xw Im-cy-am-¡p-t¼mÄ ]pXn-b Ip-«n-Ifpw Cu B-th-i-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-Ip-óp F-ó A-Ûp-Xhpw R-§Ä B-th-i-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿p-óXv. F«ph-b-kp-Im-c³ B-ZÀ-iv tPmÀ-Pv F-ó hn-ZymÀ-°n Ahsâ {In-kv-Xpa-kv s]-«n Xpd-óv 50 ]u-ïv kw-`m-h-\ \ð-In-b-t¸mÄ sSð-t^mÀ-Uv kz-tZ-inbmb tIm-tf-Pv hn-

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Cu {I-nkv-Xp-a-kn-\v \n-§-Ä¡v H-cp-]m-Sv ]pWyw e-`n-¡m³ ssZ-hw Xó A-h-k-c-am-bn I-cp-Xn H-cp ]u-ïv F-¦nepw \n-t£-]n¡p-tam? \n-§-fp-sS ]W-añ \n-§-fp-sS a\km-Wv R-§Ä tNm-Zn-¡p-ó-Xv. 15 \nÀ[\ tcm-KnI-sf k-lm-bn-¡m³ I-gn-ªmð \n-§-fp-sS H-cp ]u-ïn\v H-cm-bn-cw ]u-ïn-sâ hn-e B-bn-cn¡pw D-ïm-hp-I. R-§Ä \n-§-fp-sS ap-ónð F-¯n-¡p-ó Cu 15t]cpw XoÀ¯pw \nÀ-²-\-cm-Wv. \n-§Ä k-lm-bn-¨n-sñ-¦nð Po-hn-X-¯nð C-cp-«p ho-gp-ó A-h-Ø-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv C-h-cnð ]-ecpw IS-óp t]m-Ip-óXv. {_n-«o-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j³ H-cmgv-N ap-¼mWv {In-kva-kv A-¸o-ep-am-bn hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-ón-se-¯n-bXv. A¸oen-sâ `m-K-ambn CXn-t\mS-Iw R-§Ä B-dp \n-cm-ew-_-cpsS I-Y {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨p I-gnªp. {InkvXp-aÊv Nmcnän A¸o-en-enð Cóv R§Ä \n§fpsS IcpW¡mbn F¯n-¡póXv Imªnc¸Ån Ipdphmapgn kztZ-in-bm-b cmaN{µ³ Fó Im³ktcmK _m[nXs\ BWv. hm-bn-se Im³-kdn-t\m-Sv añn-«mWv cm-a-N-{µ³ Po-hn-Xw ap-tóm-«

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So-\-tam-fp-sS th-Z-\ A-hÄ-¡v ]-d-ª-dn-bn-¡m³ t]mepw h-¿. sN-dp-Ip-S-en\pw h³-Ip-S-en\pw {h-Ww _m-[n-¨v A-hÄ Ic-ªv \n-e-hn-fn-¡p-t¼mÄ I-®v \n-d-tbï-Xv \-½p-tS-bmWv. A-h-fp-sS th-Z-\-bv-¡v ]-cn-lm-cw Cñm-ªn«ñ. A-Xv ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ ap-S-¡m³ ]-Ww Cñm-¯Xp-sIm-ïmWv. {In-kva-Xv A-¸o-enð C-óv R-§Ä hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-¼nð ssI \o-«p-óXv Cu Ip-ªn-sâ th-Z-\ A-I-äm³ BWv. A-¸oð H-cmgv-N ]n-ón-Sp-t¼m-tg¡pw bp-sI a-e-bm-fn-IÄ a-\Êp-sIm-ïv A-Xn-s\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨v I-gn-ªp F-ó Xn-cn-¨-dn-hnð \n-óm-Wv So-\-bp-sS I-Ybpw ]-d-bp-óXv. Có-se H-ä Znh-kw sIm-ïv 1590 ]u-ïv hm-b-\-¡mÀ \ð-In-bm-Wv {In-kva-kv A-¸o-en-s\ B-th-i-am-¡n-b-Xv. Kn-^v-äv F-bv-Uv DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å hnÀ-Pn³ a-Wn A-¡u-ïv h-gn-bpw 995 ]uïpw Nm-cn-än A-¡u-ïn-te-¡v t\-cn-«v 595 ]u-ïp-am-Wv Có-se e-`n-¨Xv. hym-gm-gv-Nbpw k-am-\am-b Xp-I e-`n-¨n-cpóp. hym-gmgv-N c-ïv A-¡u-ïn-eq-sSbpw B-sI e-`n-¨-Xv 1616.25 ]u-ïm-bn-cp-óp. B-Zy \m-ev Zn-h-k-§-

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\n-§Ä tI-c-f-¯n-se [ym-\-tI-{µ-§-fnð t]m-bn [ym-\-§-fnð ]-s¦-Sp-¡m-dp-Å hy-ànbm-tWm? F-¦nð XoÀ-¨-bmbpw \n-§Ä a-\p-{_-Z-dn-s\ A-dn-bm-Xn-cn-¡nñ. F-t¸mgpw ]p-ôn-cn-¡p-ó apJ-¯v \-ò-bp-sS {]-Im-iw sNm-cn-ªv \nð-Ipó sImñw X-¦-tÈ-cn kz-tZ-inbm-b a-\p {_-Z-dn-sâ {]-`mj-Wtam Iu¬-kn-ent§m \n-§Ä H-cn-¡ð F-¦nepw A-\p-`-hn-¨n-«p-ïm-Ipw. Nnäq-À [ym-\ tI-{µ-¯nepw {]-[m-\-ambpw skln-tbm-\pw Un-ssh\pw A-S-¡-ap-Å a-äv [ym-\ tI-{µ-§-fnepw ss_-_nÄ {]-`m-j-W-¯n\pw Iu¬-kn-enw-Kn\pw t]m-Ip-ó a-\p {_-tZÀ ]-t£ a-\-Ên-ð ad-¨v h-¨ H-cp k¦-Sw hm-b-\¡m-tcm-Sv ]-d-bp-I-bmWv. \n-§Ä-¡v k-¦ð-]n-¡m³ t]m-epw km-[n-¡m-¯ th-Z-\-bp-sS I-Y-bm-WnXv. \n-§-fp-sS th-Z-\-IÄ a-\-Ên-te-¡v kzo-I-cn-¨v ]-cn-lm-cw \nÀ-t±-in-¡p-t¼mgpw a-\p {_Zdn-sâ a-\-knð H-cp hen-b th-Z-\ Fópw \o-dn In-S-ón-cpóp. C-f-b-a-I-sâ F-Wo-ä-v \-nð-¡m³ t]mepw km-[n-¡m¯ tcm-Km-h-Ø. {_n«njv aebmfn hmb\¡mc\m-b C-Sp&

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"\n§sfms¡ F{X `mKyapÅhcmWv, {_n-«-Wnð t]mIm\pw tPmen sN¿m\psams¡ km[n¨tñm. \½psS \m«nse Iã¸mSpw ZpcnXhpsamópw AhnsS Cñtñm? Hcp tcmKw hómev NnInÕt]mepw kuP\yambn In«pIbntñ?" Ign-ª B-K-kv-änð tIm«bw sdUvt{Imkv S-h-dnð h¨v \Só {_n«ojv aebmfn NmcnänbpsS ^ïv hnXcWmhk-c-¯nð Iïpap«nb H-cp A-²ym]nI ]dªXmWnXv. So-¨-dn-\v ]-cn-N-b-ap-Å H-cp hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n-bp-sS Pohn-X I-Y hy-à-am-¡p-ó tc-J-I-fp-am-bn B-bn-cp-óp So-¨À A-só-¯n-b-Xv. Nn-In-Õn-¡m³ \n-hr-¯n-bnñm-¯h-sc Nn-In-Õn-¡m³ Cw-¥-ïnð \n-ópw B-tcm ]-W-hp-am-bn F-¯n-bn-«p-ïv F-óp ]d-ªv tI-«m-bn-cp-óp So-¨-dn-sâ h-c-hv. -B At]-£ hm-§n hn-i-Zam-b A-t\zj-Ww \S-¯n {S-Ìn-I-fp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-bv-¡v \ð-Im-\p-Å- Np-aX-e Cu te-J-I-\m-bn-cpóp. H-cp hÀ-jw ap-¼v {_n-«n-jv a-e-bm-fn Nm-cn-än ^u-tï-j-sâ `m-K-am-Im³ I-gn-ª-Xnð G-sd A-`n-am-\w tXmón-b \n-an-j-am-bn-cp-óp C-sX-óv ]-d-bmw. Imc-Ww Pohn-X Zp-c-´-§-fp-sS \qð

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